The United Kingdom became the first country Wednesday to formally approve the Pfizer and BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine, a symbolic milestone in the fight against the pandemic.
The first inoculations are set to be rolled out next week, the government said. The initial batch of 800,000 will cover a relatively small number of health care workers, care home staff and residents, and people over age 80.
The vaccine has been authorized far more quickly than any other in history, its lightning development outpacing the 15 to 20 years it usually takes to develop these types of medicines.
Politically it will not go unnoticed that British regulators have made this decision ahead of their American counterparts, a symptom of different officials and businesses around the world trying to strike the right balance among speed, safety and effectiveness.
President Donald Trump has accused the Food and Drug Administration of dragging its feet, while the FDA says it’s simply taking the time to make the right call. FDA regulators are set to discuss the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine next week, by which time it will already be available across the U.K., the British government said Wednesday.
“It’s fantastic,” Prime Minister Boris Johnson said. “It’s the protection of vaccines that will ultimately allow us to reclaim our lives and get the economy moving again.”
early 60,000 in the U.K.
The U.K. has one of the highest Covid-19 deaths rates per capita in the world, behind only those of Italy, Spain, Peru and Belgium, according to Johns Hopkins University.
The vaccine by Pfizer, a U.S. pharmaceutical giant, and its German partner, BioNTech, is one of three front-runners that have delivered promising results in recent weeks. Clinical trials found that it was 95 percent effective at preventing symptomatic Covid-19, it said.
“This authorization is a goal we have been working toward since we first declared that science will win,” Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla said in a news release following the British decision.
But even for a wealthy country like the U.K., rolling out the vaccine won’t be easy.
The U.K. has ordered 40 million doses — enough for up to a third of the population, given that it is a two-shot regimen. None have been delivered yet, and most won’t come until next year.
When the first batch arrives from Pfizer’s plant in Belgium, it will contain around 800,000 doses, Health Secretary Matt Hancock told the BBC.
By the end of the year, the supply is likely to ramp up into the “millions,” Hancock said, deliberately declining to give a specific figure because it will be “determined by how quickly Pfizer can manufacture in Belgium.”
Every time a new batch is sent over, it will have to be tested again by the U.K.’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, or MHRA.
The shots must be kept at minus-94 degrees Fahrenheit, requiring specialist dry-ice freezers that many doctors’ offices and even hospitals don’t have. Pfizer-BioNTech says the vaccine can be kept for its final five days at regular refrigerator temperature.
And its rapid development cuts both ways: If there are Americans who will look enviously at vaccinated Brits, then there are also those in the U.K. who have questioned the safety of the shots given how quickly they were produced.
Meanwhile, anti-vaccine activism is rising internationally, with a quarter of people saying they would shun any vaccine approved by regulators, according to an Ipsos poll of 18,000 people in 27 countries in August.
Independent experts say the vaccine skepticism is unfounded. The timeline for the coronavirus vaccines has been slashed because companies and regulators closely collaborated to overlap different stages of the usually arduous and bureaucratic process.
“Our expert scientists and clinicians have worked round the clock, carefully, methodically poring over tables, analyses and graphs on over a thousand pages of data,” Dr. June Raine, CEO of the MHRA, said at a news conference. “That doesn’t mean that any corners have been cut — none at all.”
In the U.S., both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have submitted applications to the FDA for emergency use authorizations. The FDA is expected to meet to discuss the vaccine candidates next week and the week afterward, respectively.
BioNTech CEO Uğur Şahin told NBC News’ Richard Engel that he was “confident that an authorization in the U.S. could also happen within the next two weeks.”
The European Union will wait longer. Its regulator announced Tuesday that it wouldn’t decide on the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine until as late as Dec. 29 and Moderna’s by Jan. 12.
Meanwhile, the World Health Organization told Reuters that it had received data from the companies and was reviewing them for “possible listing for emergency use” — meaning the vaccines could be rolled out more quickly in developing countries.
